Stage 0 vs Stage 1 rollups and Vitalik's stage 1 requirement
Quote331 words
Explains the differences between stage 0 and stage 1 rollups after Vitalik said he would only mention stage 1+ L2s from next year. Stage 1 requires a proof system, stricter multisig, security council override and upgrade delays.
Key claims
Only Arbitrum One and Optimism Mainnet currently meet stage 1
Stage 1 needs a 6-of-8 or higher multisig with an outside quorum-blocking group
Upgrades below the multisig threshold need a 7-day delay
End of year @VitalikButerin will stop mentioning any rollups that are not stage 1+.
3.5 months left on the clock and currently only @arbitrum One and @Optimism Mainnet fulfill stage 1 criteria.
What's the difference between stage 0 and 1? ⤵️
➤ Fraud/Validity Proofs: Stage 1 requires a fraud proof or validity proof system to validate state roots, whereas Stage 0 allows state roots to be posted via a simple multisig without these proofs.
➤ Multisig Structure: In Stage 1, a stricter multisig (6 of 8 or higher, see screenshot) is required, along with a quorum-blocking group outside the operator's organization. Stage 0 allows a basic multisig without external controls.
➤ Override Mechanism: Stage 1 introduces a security council that can override the proof system if needed, which doesn't exist in Stage 0 where the proof system is not yet a requirement. It is not necessary to have this, but it makes it easier to achieve stage 1 while keeping "some" training wheels to ensure secure operations.
➤ Upgrade Restrictions: Stage 1 requires any upgrade mechanism with a lower threshold than the multisig to have a mandatory 7-day delay to avoid real-time interference, whereas no such requirement exists in Stage 0.
So in summary, it's all about security, liveness and trustless-minimization. For a more detailed overview of the requirements, check the below screenshot.
After achieving stage 1 successfully, rollups can cautiously transition into stage 2, where a security council can only intervene if the code provably disagrees with itself (see Vitalik post).
Very reasonable ask imo and should be doable for all top 10 rollups on the screenshot below. However, will be interesting to see how the different teams approach this transition.
Probably not all of them will be ready by EOY kek.
Thanks @VitalikButerin for pushing for more decentralized, trustless and secure rollups.
⚠️ Bonus Alpha: Bro @VitalikButerin also mentioned that after selling a last clip of $ETH to fund a bio-defense group (???) he is done selling.
Bullish.
x.com/VitalikButerin/status/1834062768569548849
QUOTING @VitalikButerin
I take this seriously. Starting next year, I plan to only publicly mention (in blogs, talks, etc) L2s that are stage 1+, with *maybe a short grace period* for new genuinely interesting projects. It doesn't matter if I invested, or if you're my friend; stage 1 or bust. Multiple
I take this seriously. Starting next year, I plan to only publicly mention (in blogs, talks, etc) L2s that are stage 1+, with *maybe a short grace period* for new genuinely interesting projects. It doesn't matter if I invested, or if you're my friend; stage 1 or bust. Multiple
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