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Rollup vs validium vs volition: data availability modes for zk execution layers

Quote67 words

Short classification of zk-powered layers by where data lives: zk rollups post proof and data on ETH, validiums keep data off-chain, volitions can switch between both.

Key claims
Rollups post proof and tx data on ETH
Validiums post proof only with data off-chain
Volition runs as validium with rollup fallback
based on #DA we can differentiate #modular zk-powered execution layers as follows: - #zk #rollups: post proof & tx data on $ETH - #validium: post proof on $ETH & tx data is stored off-chain - #volition: runs as validium but can fall back on rollup x.com/starkience/status/1612925795244335104 learn more about the #DA landscape and how specialized data availability layers like @CelestiaOrg will change the game here ✨👇 x.com/expctchaos/status/1535698402939265025
QUOTING @starkience
Introducing the data availability modes offered by @StarkWareLtd There are multiple types of L2s, zk-rollups being the most popular. There's also Validium and Volition. Overall, the end-goal is to scale Ethereum. Each mode changes in the way it stores data (off or on-chain).
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How the covered assets moved · since 11 Jan 2023

Prices as of 23 Oct 2026

This explainer walks through how things work without making a call on the token, so price moves since publication are shown as market context.

Mentioned for context
$ETHEthereumsince publication+80%−62% vs BTC
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Zero has written 1 more piece on StarkWare since this one.

Daily closes in USD from DefiLlama and Yahoo Finance. Only a bullish or bearish thesis is read as a call; explainers, maps and mentions are context. Not financial advice.

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