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Fuel

26 pieces · Dec 2022 to Jul 2025 · 2 flagship

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L1/L223 Ethereum7 DeFi4 Perps4 ZK3 Market structure2

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Start here · the strongest pieces on Fuel

Map16 Jun 2025CLOB Wars Line-Up 2.0: 26 onchain orderbook projects mappedUpdated community-sourced landscape of CLOB venues across L1s and L2s, each with its architecture, from Hyperliquid's HyperCore to Monad, Sui, Aptos, Cosmos and Solana projects.Map10 Dec 2022The modular blockchain design space: execution, settlement and DA layersMega thread defining execution, settlement and consensus/DA, then mapping modular layers: rollups and Fuel for execution, Celestia, Avail and EigenDA for DA, and Oasis for custom ParaTimes, with the thesis that modular is the future.Breakdown12 Jan 2023Modular designs on Celestia: Rollmint, Saga, Dymension rollApps and CevmosShows how Celestia's DA layer enables new architectures: Rollmint sovereign rollups, Saga rollup-as-a-service, Dymension rollApps with Hub settlement, the Cevmos settlement stack and Fuel as an execution layer.

Timeline · every piece, newest first

2025 9

11 Jul 2025Why RWA tokenization hasn't scaled yet and what is unblocking itRWAs are held back by missing high-performance DeFi infra, weak oracle infra and regulatory ambiguity. All three are improving through verifiable CLOBs, modular oracles like eOracle, the Genius Act and treasury adoption, with stablecoins already the largest onchain RWA class.ThesisRWADeFiMarket structure

06 Jul 2025CLOB wars: why onchain orderbooks are replacing AMMs and who builds themAMMs were a forced tradeoff until real-time chains, scalable DA, ZK proving and fast oracles made orderbooks viable. Maps CLOB appchains (Hyperliquid, Bullet, Lighter, Paradex, Hibachi) and onchain CLOBs (GTE, Nitro, Monaco, Fuel, Aptos).MapPerpsDeFiHyperliquid

19 Jun 2025Leaderboard watchlist: Fuel, Sei, Boundless, Union, Allora, Paradex and moreExplains the thesis behind each project the author yaps on: FuelVM's UTXO/account hybrid, GigaSEI scaling, Boundless proof marketplace, Union's aggregate ZK proofs, Allora, Paradex, Openledger and MegaETH.BreakdownL1/L2ZKAI

16 Jun 2025CLOB Wars Line-Up 2.0: 26 onchain orderbook projects mappedUpdated community-sourced landscape of CLOB venues across L1s and L2s, each with its architecture, from Hyperliquid's HyperCore to Monad, Sui, Aptos, Cosmos and Solana projects.MapPerpsDeFiL1/L2

14 Jun 2025CLOB War Line-Up: eight onchain orderbook contendersFirst version of the CLOB wars list: Hyperliquid's HyperCore plus Valhalla and GTE on MegaETH, Bullet on Solana, Fuel, Nitro on RISE, Monaco on Sei and Hibachi on Celestia. Later expanded into the 2.0 line-up.MapPerpsDeFi

12 Jun 2025Fuel as an underrated player in the CLOB warsArgues Fuel is built for onchain CLOBs through FuelVM, parallel execution, a hybrid UTXO/account model and EigenDA, while building a CLOB in house starting with spot, then perps and options.ThesisL1/L2Perps

08 Jun 2025Why Monad risks disappointing against faster-shipping high-performance chainsArgues Monad's long delay let rivals catch up: Sei at about 200k TPS, MegaETH at 100k TPS with sub-10ms blocks, Hyperliquid at 200k orders per second, plus Fuel and RISE. Having raised at billion-dollar valuations, Monad risks disappointment despite its community.Market takeL1/L2

25 May 2025Fuel execution primitives: Predicates, Scripts and native assetsExplains Fuel's lesser-known differentiators: stateless Predicates replacing signatures, Scripts orchestrating atomic multi-contract interactions, and UTXO-native assets that remove token contract risks like reentrancy.ExplainerL1/L2Ethereum

23 May 2025Fuel Ignition deep dive: first real-time L2 on EthereumPromotes the A1 Research and Redacted deep dive on Fuel Ignition, citing real-time L2 status, parallel execution with thousands of TPS, a hybrid ZK fraud proof system and a decentralized sequencer setup.BreakdownL1/L2Ethereum

2024 9

24 Oct 2024AltVM season: Fuel and Eclipse live, Movement, Fluent and Aztec nextMaps the altVM wave on Ethereum: Fuel (FuelVM) and Eclipse (SVM) live, with Movement (Move), Fluent (EVM, Wasm, SVM) and Aztec soon. Notes altVM momentum outside Ethereum from Aptos, Sui, Solana, Initia and TON.Market takeL1/L2

24 Oct 2024Fuel Ignition on EigenDA could reach 20k TPS per CPU coreArgues Fuel Ignition on a hyperscale DA layer like EigenDA could push throughput to up to 20k TPS per core on a light architecture with low node requirements. Cites L2Beat TVL above $220M.ThesisL1/L2

17 Oct 2024Why EigenDA matters for altVM rollups: 20k TPS vs 600Argues a hyperscale DA layer unlocks altVM rollups like Fuel at over 20k TPS versus about 600 today, while MegaETH can push the EVM past 10k TPS on EigenDA. Adds that Conduit RaaS and its sequencer make launching these chains easy.ThesisL1/L2

17 Oct 2024Fuel Ignition mainnet: first hyperscale rollup and altVM seasonFuel Ignition is a FuelVM L2 on Ethereum with parallel execution, 1-second blocks, sub-cent fees, hybrid zk fraud proofs and EIP4844 blobs. Notes Fuel raised over $80M and built an early stage 2 rollup.BreakdownL1/L2

11 Oct 2024What is Fuel: a rollup operating system built around FuelVMExplains Fuel as an operating system for Ethereum rollups that combines UTXO, parallel execution and a minimized-state FuelVM written in Sway. Fully modular, with DA from Ethereum blobs, Celestia, EigenDA or Avail.ExplainerL1/L2

25 Sep 2024More Q4 2024 mainnets to watch and EIGEN as a sentiment gaugeExtends a Q4/24 and Q1/25 launch watchlist and argues EIGEN's transferability on 30 Sept starts a second, larger wave of token launches. The performance of these assets will indicate how bullish sentiment really is.Market takeL1/L2Market structure

08 Jun 2024Execution layer innovation map: alt-VMs, parallel EVMs and zkEVMsLists the wave of new execution environments this cycle: blended EVM/SVM/Wasm, MoveVM chains, SVM L2s, zkEVMs, parallel EVM L1s and Linux-based VMs. Argues it broadens the app design space and lets millions of developers build in more performant or familiar languages.MapL1/L2

18 Apr 2024Modular execution layers map: VMs, rollup SDKs and RaaSLandscape of modular execution layers grouped by VM (optimistic EVM, zkEVM, MoveVM, SVM, Wasm, FuelVM, Cairo VM), rollup SDKs and RaaS providers. Frames a rollup-centric future of app-specific chains unified by ZK interop.MapL1/L2Ethereum

26 Mar 2024Modular execution beyond the EVM: Fluent, Fuel, Eclipse, Manta, Movement, MantleShort map of six non-EVM or extended execution layers and their DA: Fluent (WASM on EigenDA), Fuel (parallel FuelVM), Eclipse (SVM on Celestia), Manta (zkEVM on Celestia), Movement M2 (MoveVM) and Mantle (EVM on EigenDA), all settling on Ethereum.MapL1/L2

2023 6

23 Nov 2023Proof of Alpha #20: Blast critique, hybrid zk fraud proofs and CZ plea dealNewsletter edition. Calls Blast a multisig-controlled deposit contract with no real L2 bridge and almost USD 200m in it, argues for hybrid zk fraud proofs as a cheaper stopgap before full validity rollups, and recaps the Binance settlement with $1.3B withdrawn.OtherL1/L2ZKRegulation

14 Oct 2023L2Beat rollup stages explained: Stage 0, 1 and 2 criteria and who qualifiesGuide to L2Beat's three-stage rollup framework (training wheels) with criteria per stage, and which rollups sit where. Most are Stage 0, Arbitrum and dYdX are Stage 1, and only Fuel v1 and DeGate reach Stage 2.ExplainerL1/L2Ethereum

10 Oct 2023ZK themes to watch: hybrid proofs, zk interop, proving services, Manta, ZK RaaSLists five zk areas he is tracking: zk fraud proofs in hybrid optimistic rollups, zk-powered interop, RISC Zero proving as a service, Manta's Solidity-native zk layer versus Aleo's new language, and ZK rollup-as-a-service.Market takeZKL1/L2

20 Apr 2023Sequential EVM execution bottleneck and parallel VM alternativesArgues sequential execution bottlenecks the EVM and lists parallel-execution alternatives: Solana Sealevel, Fantom VM, Fuel VM and Move VM, linking deep dives on Fuel, Fantom, Aptos and Sui.ThesisL1/L2Solana

17 Apr 2023Thesis: non-EVM rollups with parallel execution VMsPredicts a surge in rollups running parallel-execution VMs such as MoveVM, SealevelVM, FuelVM and Fantom VM, citing Eclipse bringing Solana's SealevelVM to Ethereum rollups.ThesisL1/L2Solana

12 Jan 2023Modular designs on Celestia: Rollmint, Saga, Dymension rollApps and CevmosShows how Celestia's DA layer enables new architectures: Rollmint sovereign rollups, Saga rollup-as-a-service, Dymension rollApps with Hub settlement, the Cevmos settlement stack and Fuel as an execution layer.BreakdownL1/L2Ethereum

2022 2

11 Dec 2022Fuel primer: UTXO-based parallel execution and the FuelVMPrimer on Fuel as a modular execution layer with a UTXO model and strict access lists enabling parallel execution, plus the Sway language, testnet status, team background and funding. Compares to Solana, Sui and Aptos parallelism.BreakdownL1/L2Ethereum

10 Dec 2022The modular blockchain design space: execution, settlement and DA layersMega thread defining execution, settlement and consensus/DA, then mapping modular layers: rollups and Fuel for execution, Celestia, Avail and EigenDA for DA, and Oasis for custom ParaTimes, with the thesis that modular is the future.MapL1/L2Ethereum

Often covered with

MegaETH46 Eclipse28 Hyperliquid113 Sei34 EigenDA60 Celestia145 Aptos39 Sway5

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