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EigenDA

60 pieces · Dec 2022 to Aug 2025 · 11 flagship

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L1/L239 Ethereum33 DeFi18 ZK6 AI5 Tooling5

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22022

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Start here · the strongest pieces on EigenDA

Thesis17 Oct 2024Is EIGEN undervalued? Intersubjective security and valuation mathExplains why EIGEN sold off, how its intersubjective forking security and dual-token design work, then values it with a PE-100 model. Concludes EIGEN is massively undervalued, with $20B plausible if AVSs reach a $5B to $10B combined market cap.Map15 Mar 2024Modular ecosystem map: execution, DA, sequencing, proving, interop and RaaSPrimer on monolithic versus modular design followed by a landscape of projects per layer: rollups, settlement, DA, sequencing, proving, interoperability, rollup SDKs, RaaS, orderflow abstraction and RPC.Explainer29 May 2023EigenDA vs Celestia and Avail: how restaked DA differs from DA L1sCompares EigenDA, which has no consensus or P2P network and uses restaked ETH, KZG commitments and Proof of Custody, with Celestia and Avail, which are DA L1s using Tendermint consensus and data availability sampling.

Timeline · every piece, newest first

2025 12

05 Aug 2025MegaETH TL;DR: real-time EVM L2, MegaMafia and sequencer designSummarizes a Four Pillars piece: MegaETH argues the EVM is not the bottleneck and pairs an in-memory sequencer with specialized provers and replicas. Uses EigenDA, 1s EVM blocks and 10ms mini-blocks, and a curated MegaMafia accelerator to avoid a ghost chain.BreakdownL1/L2Ethereum

31 Jul 2025OpenLedger thesis: attributable data market for open-source AIOpenLedger creates a global market for attributable data so anyone can train specialized models and each inference pays data providers. Built as an OP Stack rollup on Ethereum with EigenDA and governed by OPEN.ThesisAI

30 Jul 2025MegaETH snapshot: 100k TPS target, sub-10ms blocks, ZK fraud proofsBullet snapshot of MegaETH: 100k TPS and 10+ GGAS per second targets, sub-10ms blocks, 1B testnet blocks with zero reorgs, Kailua ZK fraud proofs and EigenDA data availability.DataL1/L2Ethereum

24 Jul 2025MegaETH ZK fraud proofs with Kailua: disputes resolved in about an hourMegaETH swaps the interactive bisection game for a single non-interactive ZK fraud proof via Kailua, cutting dispute resolution from days to about an hour. The proposer does no work in a dispute and EigenDA keeps data available for challenges.ExplainerL1/L2ZKEthereum

14 Jul 2025Why MegaETH: real-time EVM with <5ms latency and 100k TPSMegaETH offers a real-time EVM (<5ms latency, up to 100k TPS) enabling high-frequency CLOBs and gaming, with EigenDA and a native bridge to Ethereum's liquidity. As general-purpose chains saturate, the author backs app-specific systems and chains with clear differentiators.ThesisL1/L2Ethereum

11 Jul 2025Why RWA tokenization hasn't scaled yet and what is unblocking itRWAs are held back by missing high-performance DeFi infra, weak oracle infra and regulatory ambiguity. All three are improving through verifiable CLOBs, modular oracles like eOracle, the Genius Act and treasury adoption, with stablecoins already the largest onchain RWA class.ThesisRWADeFiMarket structure

06 Jul 2025CLOB wars: why onchain orderbooks are replacing AMMs and who builds themAMMs were a forced tradeoff until real-time chains, scalable DA, ZK proving and fast oracles made orderbooks viable. Maps CLOB appchains (Hyperliquid, Bullet, Lighter, Paradex, Hibachi) and onchain CLOBs (GTE, Nitro, Monaco, Fuel, Aptos).MapPerpsDeFiHyperliquid

04 Jun 2025Why Caldera matters: app-specific rollups over general-purpose chainsArgues most apps will not stay sustainable on general-purpose chains and that HyperCore succeeds because it is application-specific. Caldera makes running an L2 appchain a few clicks, giving control of stack, UX, fee revenue and blockspace while inheriting Ethereum security.ThesisL1/L2Hyperliquid

28 May 2025MegaETH architecture: single sequencer, in-memory state and JIT compilationExplains MegaETH as a validity rollup on EigenDA with a single sequencer, in-memory computation (about 1000x faster state access), parallel streaming execution publishing state every 10ms, JIT EVM compilation and a custom state trie.ExplainerL1/L2Ethereum

21 May 2025GIGA Sei vs MegaETH: consensus, execution, DA and tradeoffsCompares Giga Sei, a decentralized multi-proposer L1 (about 200k TPS, sub-400ms finality), with MegaETH, a centralized single-sequencer L2 (about 100k TPS, about 10ms latency), across consensus, execution, data availability and use cases.BreakdownL1/L2

06 May 2025Caldera RaaS explained: stack-agnostic rollups, DA options and MetalayerExplains Caldera as a stack-agnostic RaaS supporting OP Stack, Arbitrum Nitro and ZK Stack, with a choice of settlement and DA layers, integrated tooling and the Hyperlane-powered Metalayer making its chains composable.ExplainerL1/L2

06 Mar 2025Major AI infra plays this cycle: compute, privacy, data and verifiabilityA landscape list of AI infra projects with one-line roles: decentralized GPUs, blind compute, agentic IP, data availability, verifiable data and inference, onchain risk scores and trustless interop.MapAIDePINTooling

2024 34

27 Oct 2024EigenLayer as the base for modular verifiable servicesFrames EigenLayer as a programmable trust layer where modular infra (DA, fast finality, sequencing, interop, ZK proving, oracles, AI) is sold as verifiable SaaS. Walks through an app-specific fantasy football rollup assembled from AVS services.ThesisEthereumDeFi

26 Oct 2024Hyperscale rollups building on EigenDAList of rollups building on EigenDA (MegaETH, Celo, Abstract, Camp, Mantle, Rivalz, Unite) plus RaaS providers (AltLayer, Conduit, Caldera) and AVS tooling for building on its data layer.MapL1/L2

24 Oct 2024Fuel Ignition on EigenDA could reach 20k TPS per CPU coreArgues Fuel Ignition on a hyperscale DA layer like EigenDA could push throughput to up to 20k TPS per core on a light architecture with low node requirements. Cites L2Beat TVL above $220M.ThesisL1/L2

17 Oct 2024Why EigenDA matters for altVM rollups: 20k TPS vs 600Argues a hyperscale DA layer unlocks altVM rollups like Fuel at over 20k TPS versus about 600 today, while MegaETH can push the EVM past 10k TPS on EigenDA. Adds that Conduit RaaS and its sequencer make launching these chains easy.ThesisL1/L2

17 Oct 2024Is EIGEN undervalued? Intersubjective security and valuation mathExplains why EIGEN sold off, how its intersubjective forking security and dual-token design work, then values it with a PE-100 model. Concludes EIGEN is massively undervalued, with $20B plausible if AVSs reach a $5B to $10B combined market cap.ThesisEthereumDeFi

16 Oct 2024Conduit G2 sequencer: 100 MGas/s for hyperscale rollupsConduit's G2 sequencer processes 100 MGas/s for thousands of TPS and integrates with OP Stack and Orbit. Combined with EigenDA and RaaS, hyperscale rollups can be launched in a few clicks.BreakdownL1/L2

04 Oct 2024Celestia vs EigenDA: different missions, not direct competitorsArgues Celestia is an L1 building a native rollup ecosystem while EigenDA is an off-chain DA service for Ethereum rollups. They overlap only in serving DA to Ethereum-settling rollups, which is EigenDA's sole focus.ThesisL1/L2

01 Oct 2024EIGEN valuation napkin math: restaking demand and AVS feesBack-of-envelope case that EIGEN at a $7.5B valuation is undervalued: a PE of 100 implies $75M earnings, or $150M annual protocol rewards if EIGEN earns half. That is reachable if AVSs pay 3-5% of inflation and have a $5B-$10B cumulative market cap.ThesisEthereumDeFi

27 Sep 2024Celo and Mento: local currency stablecoins and the upcoming MENTO airdropArgues stablecoin payments in emerging markets are crypto's clearest unsolved use case, with Celo leading in active stablecoin addresses and Mento backing local currency stablecoins with a $130M reserve. Celo's move to an EigenDA-powered rollup could add scale ahead of the MENTO launch.ThesisStablecoinsL1/L2

24 Sep 2024EigenLayer vs EigenDA vs EIGEN: what each one isClears up the confusion between EigenCloud (verifiable services platform for crypto-economic security), EigenDA (its flagship DA AVS providing cheap blob space) and the EIGEN token, which governs and secures the system by addressing intersubjective faults.ExplainerEthereumDeFi

16 Sep 2024EIGEN airdrop season 2: allocation, tokenomics and key numbersTL;DR of EIGEN airdrop season 2 covering allocation splits, snapshot date, claim routes, total supply and vesting. Includes pre-market FDV and EigenLayer TVL.DataEthereumDeFi

14 Sep 2024EigenDA throughput: 7.84 MB/s used of 15 MB/s capacityNotes EigenDA runs at 7.84 MB/s, 52% of its 15 MB/s max, while posting data from more than 15 chains including Celestia itself.DataEthereumL1/L2

13 Sep 2024EigenDA at 15 MB/s: hyperscale rollups and Ethereum competitivenessArgues EigenDA, the first horizontally scalable DA system, makes Ethereum competitive with alt L1s. It already handles raw data from 15+ chains at 15 MB/s, secured by over $9B in crypto-economic capital.Market takeEthereumL1/L2

13 Sep 2024DA scaling and L1 blockspace value: response to Ryan WatkinsResponds to three points on L1 blockspace: DA supply can be scaled as demand grows, network effects in DA are softer than in shared-state blockspace, and value capture will shift to apps via gas redistribution and MEV sharing.ThesisL1/L2Market structure

13 Sep 2024EigenLayer as a verifiable cloud: the AVS model explainedExplains EigenLayer as a cloud for programmable trust: it accumulates stake and lets anyone rent security on demand, giving rise to AVSs. Lists oracle, DA, ZK proving, interop and rollup coordination AVS categories.ExplainerEthereumDeFi

10 Sep 2024AVS ecosystem map on EigenLayer: oracles, DA, ZK proving, TEE, AICategorised list of 30+ actively validated services on EigenLayer, from oracles and data availability to ZK proving, AI inference, FHE and MPC. Frames EigenLayer as the verifiable cloud base layer for specialised modular infra providers.MapEthereumZKAI

30 Aug 2024What is EigenLayer: the verifiable cloud for programmable trustArgues EigenLayer brings SaaS-style abstraction to Web3 by extending Ethereum security beyond the EVM, so teams can spin up a rollup and plug in DA, proving, oracle and interop services as AVSes. Over 50 AVSes are building on $12B restaked ETH.ExplainerEthereumDeFi

27 Jul 2024EigenLayer AVS crypto-economic security ranking by restaked ETHRanks AVSs by restaked ETH securing them: EigenDA 3.3M ETH ($11B), eoracle 2.2M, Lagrange state committees 2.1M. Notes 153 operators secure 19 mainnet AVSes and 35% of restaked ETH is still undelegated.DataEthereumDeFi

25 Jul 2024Modular stack map: infra projects expected to launch tokens by year-endIncomplete map of modular infra projects likely to launch tokens in the coming months, across execution, shared sequencing, interop, chain abstraction, data, ZK, rollup stacks, intents, privacy and restaking. Expects many airdrops after AVAIL went live.MapL1/L2ZKDeFi

15 Jul 2024Why EVM L1s are ending: Celo's move to an OP Stack L2Backs the claim that EVM-compatible L1s lose to L2s, using Celo: an OP Stack L2 with EigenDA would cut block time from 5s to 2s, raise throughput 50% and keep 1-block finality and fee abstraction. Celo chose L1 because 2020 L2s were too costly.ThesisL1/L2Ethereum

17 Jun 2024Ankr x Espresso: RaaS plus shared sequencing as a billion dollar narrativeArgues RaaS is the final abstraction layer over rollup SDKs and that Ankr's RPC track record plus Espresso shared sequencing integration positions it well. Lists the benefits of shared sequencers: liveness, censorship resistance, security, fast finality and atomic cross-chain composability.ThesisL1/L2Tooling

05 Jun 2024Fluentbase and rWasm: Ankr RaaS as a path to onboard the next million devsExplains Fluent's blended execution and Fluentbase, an SDK and proving system built on rWasm, a ZK-optimized reduced WebAssembly VM. Argues Ankr RaaS plus Wasm lets devs launch app-specific rollups in Rust, Solidity or Vyper, with other Wasm languages to follow.ExplainerL1/L2Tooling

24 May 2024Covalent and long-term data availability: the Ethereum Wayback MachineExplains the modular stack and why EIP-4844 blobs, pruned after 18 days, leave a long-term data availability gap that Covalent's Ethereum Wayback Machine fills with Block Specimens. Argues Covalent at a $0.2B FDV is undervalued relative to short-term DA peers worth billions.ThesisL1/L2AI

03 May 2024EigenLayer AVS restaked ETH vs top 15 chains by staking market capCompares restaked ETH securing live EigenLayer AVS protocols (EigenDA 2.77M ETH, about $8.23B) with staking market caps of the top 15 chains. Several AVS already carry more crypto-economic stake than whole L1s, such as EigenDA above Celestia and Aptos.DataEthereumDeFi

30 Apr 2024EigenLayer AVS mainnet guide: the 10 live AVS and what is nextWalks through the 10 AVS protocols live on mainnet with a TLDR and restaked ETH for each, then lists AVS nearing launch such as Aligned Layer, Hyperspace, Drosera, Espresso and Fhenix. Expects everything to turn into an AVS.MapEthereumDeFi

11 Apr 2024EigenLayer ecosystem guide: AVS, operators, LRT and LRTfi mapIntroduces EigenLayer, AVS and liquid restaking, then maps the ecosystem: 23 AVS, node operators, 17 liquid restaking protocols and LRTfi apps such as Pendle and Prisma.MapEthereumDeFi

10 Apr 2024Ankr in the EigenLayer ecosystem: restaking, operators, RaaS and RPCLays out Ankr's four EigenLayer touchpoints: ankrETH restaking, AVS node operation, rollup-as-a-service on EigenDA and RPC. Argues the breadth makes Ankr the main address for builders of AVS infrastructure and rollups.BreakdownEthereumTooling

31 Mar 2024Alt-VMs will overtake EVM execution: parallel VMs on modular L2sArgues EVM dominance (96% of DeFi TVL per DefiLlama, 20+ chains) is limited by sequential execution, and modular DA makes parallel alt-VMs such as SVM, MoveVM and WASM viable as Ethereum-settled L2s. Predicts 2024 as the year of alt-VMs.ThesisL1/L2

26 Mar 2024Ankr and Neura: AI chain with GPU network, IMOs and BTC restaking securityBreaks down Neura, a Cosmos SDK EVM chain acting as a coordination layer for Ankr's distributed GPU network, with Initial Model Offerings for fractional AI model ownership and security from Babylon-staked BTC. Argues ANKR at about $500M FDV is undervalued versus billion-dollar peers.BreakdownAIDePIN

18 Mar 2024Shared sequencers: why rollups need them and who leads the fieldExplains the sequencer role and the risks of today's centralized sequencers (single point of failure, censorship, liveness, MEV). Argues shared sequencers deliver decentralization-as-a-service, pooled security and composability for the long tail of app-specific rollups.ExplainerL1/L2

17 Mar 2024EigenLayer explained: restaking, AVSes and the trust it generalizesExplains EigenLayer as contracts letting stakers opt into extra slashing to secure AVS middleware, reusing the Ethereum validator set. Notes AVSes still must incentivize validators to opt in, as EigenDA must.ExplainerEthereumDeFi

15 Mar 2024Modular ecosystem map: execution, DA, sequencing, proving, interop and RaaSPrimer on monolithic versus modular design followed by a landscape of projects per layer: rollups, settlement, DA, sequencing, proving, interoperability, rollup SDKs, RaaS, orderflow abstraction and RPC.MapL1/L2Ethereum

14 Mar 2024EigenLayer season: AVS and liquid restaking protocol list with ELI5Directory of 18 AVSes (EigenDA, AltLayer, Hyperlane, Espresso, Lagrange and others) and 16 liquid restaking protocols, with short explainers of EigenLayer, AVS and LRTs and the $12.3B TVL figure.MapEthereumDeFi

24 Jan 2024INIT Capital: the liquidity-hook money market on MantleThesis that INIT Capital, a money market built on Liquidity Hooks, is a core DeFi bet for Mantle, citing its EigenDA use, a $2.5B DAO treasury and a $200M EcoFund. Includes a referral link for earning INIT points.BreakdownDeFi

2023 12

14 Dec 2023Arbitrum Orbit as a candidate for Celo's L2: fit against requirementsEvaluates Arbitrum Orbit for Celo's L2 move: decentralized sequencing, EigenDA and Celestia options, 1-block finality, trustless bridging, live permissioned fraud proofs (Stage 1), BOLD and Stylus.BreakdownL1/L2Ethereum

02 Dec 2023Celo's L2 migration: OP Stack vs Polygon CDK vs ZK Stack comparedCompares OP Stack, Polygon CDK and ZK Stack proposals for Celo against criteria such as EigenDA support, decentralized sequencing, EVM equivalence, validity proofs and interop. Favors Polygon CDK or OP Stack.BreakdownL1/L2Ethereum

03 Nov 2023Layer N Nord: app-specific exchange rollup with Rust orderbook VMExplains Layer N's Nord rollup for exchanges, with a Rust orderbook VM, RISC Zero proofs, EigenDA and inter-rollup communication. Compares AMMs, staked pools and CLOBs and claims 100,000 TPS.BreakdownDeFiL1/L2

18 Sep 2023EigenSettle explained: restaked fast settlement for rollupsExplains EigenSettle, a proposed fast settlement layer secured by restaking nodes that gives rollups pre-confirmations stronger than sequencer promises and faster than L1 finality, while allowing less frequent costly L1 settlement. Notes it has no timeline or resources yet.ExplainerL1/L2Ethereum

12 Sep 2023Data availability sampling as the fix for the rollup DA bottleneckArgues data availability is the main rollup scaling bottleneck and that DAS light nodes can scale block space without raising validator requirements. Previews the contents of his DA research report.ExplainerEthereumL1/L2

11 Aug 2023Vistara: one-click modular rollup deployment frameworkBreakdown of Vistara, a framework to deploy customizable rollups in under a minute by picking execution, sequencer, DA, interop and prover from a menu. Covers supported components, blueprints and the Vimana node architecture.BreakdownL1/L2Tooling

11 Jul 2023App-specific L3s on zkEVM L2s and why zk is the endgameThesis that high throughput apps need app-specific L3s with parallelized VMs like Sealevel or Move, verifying plonky3 proofs on a cheap zkEVM L2. Argues optimistic rollups' edge fades as DA cost dominates proving cost and proof systems mature.ThesisL1/L2ZK

03 Jul 2023Trust-minimized bridging: proof-based vs committee-based and DA layersCompares proof-based and committee-based bridges on trust minimization and generalizability. Argues proof-based bridges still trust connected chain consensus and that shared DA layers with light clients could enable true trust minimization.ThesisL1/L2Market structure

26 Jun 2023zkSync ZK Stack explained: hyperchains, L3 recursion and hyperbridgesExplains the ZK Stack framework for building ZK-powered L2 and L3 hyperchains. Covers recursive proofs, cheap L2-L3 interoperability, choice of DA layer and when a dedicated hyperchain makes sense versus deploying on zkSync Era.ExplainerZKL1/L2

29 May 2023EigenDA vs Celestia and Avail: how restaked DA differs from DA L1sCompares EigenDA, which has no consensus or P2P network and uses restaked ETH, KZG commitments and Proof of Custody, with Celestia and Avail, which are DA L1s using Tendermint consensus and data availability sampling.ExplainerL1/L2Ethereum

26 May 2023Data availability sampling and light clients: erasure coding explainedDetailed explainer of how DA layers break the link between throughput and verification cost: full versus light nodes, fraud proofs, erasure coding and the data availability sampling process, with Celestia's 2D Reed-Solomon scheme as the example.ExplainerL1/L2Ethereum

21 Mar 2023March 2023 watchlist: L2 VMs, zkEVMs, DA, sequencers, AA and perpsList of themes to watch: WASM and RISC-V VMs on L2, zkEVMs, specialized DA layers, shared sequencers, rollup SDKs, recursive L3s, EIP-4844, account abstraction, MPC custody, parallel VMs, identity and decentralized perps.MapEthereumL1/L2ZK

2022 2

11 Dec 2022EigenLayer and EigenDA: restaking to secure middleware and scale DAExplains EigenLayer restaking of staked ETH to secure off-chain middleware, applies it to DA via EigenDA and compares it with Celestia and Avail, arguing it deserves more attention and may even rival danksharding.ExplainerEthereumL1/L2

10 Dec 2022The modular blockchain design space: execution, settlement and DA layersMega thread defining execution, settlement and consensus/DA, then mapping modular layers: rollups and Fuel for execution, Celestia, Avail and EigenDA for DA, and Oasis for custom ParaTimes, with the thesis that modular is the future.MapL1/L2Ethereum

Often covered with

Celestia145 EigenLayer110 Avail39 MegaETH46 AltLayer23 eOracle32 Hyperlane24 Espresso19

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