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26 pieces · Sep 2022 to Jun 2025 · 8 flagship

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ZK20 L1/L219 Ethereum10 Privacy6 DeFi3 Perps2

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Start here · the strongest pieces on Scroll

Explainer24 Mar 2023Polygon zkEVM tech deep dive: Proof of Efficiency and plonky2Technical walkthrough of Polygon zkEVM: Proof of Efficiency with sequencers and aggregators, bytecode-level EVM equivalence versus zkSync's language-level approach, and the recursive plonky2 proof system. Condensed from a 60 page report co-written with Louround.Thesis26 Jul 2023L2 guide: which ecosystems stand out (Arbitrum, Scroll, Polygon zkEVM, zkSync)Assesses leading L2 ecosystems by tech, decentralization and growth drivers, with Arbitrum (Orbit, Stylus), Scroll (type 2 zkEVM), Polygon (plonky3, interop layer) and zkSync (Boojum, ZK Stack, zkPorter). Holds zk as the endgame.Map05 Jun 2024The Ultimate ZK Landscape 2.0: zkVMs, zkEVMs, proving, aggregation and privacyLandscape of the ZK stack by category: zkVMs, zkEVMs, universal proving and verification layers, proof aggregation, hardware acceleration and privacy projects. Asks the audience what is missing.

Timeline · every piece, newest first

2025 1

18 Jun 2025The Ultimate ZK Infrastructure Landscape: 64 projects across 8 verticalsMaps 64 ZK projects across zkVMs, universal proving, verification and aggregation, zkEVMs, app-specific rollups, hardware acceleration, ZK privacy and zkTLS.MapZKL1/L2Privacy52 likes

2024 9

10 Oct 2024Scroll SCR launch: $1.54B pre-market FDV below $1.8B funding roundExplains why the SCR launch is received poorly: a pre-market FDV of $1.54B below the $1.8B funding round, an airdrop seen as unfair and weak recent L2 launches. Previews a joint A1 Research and Redacted report.Market takeL1/L2ZK15 likes

13 Aug 2024Vessel Finance: ZK orderbook L3 on Scroll explained30-part thread on Vessel, a ZK-powered orderbook DEX run as an L3 on Scroll with a verifiable AMM-embedded limit order book, SNARK-proven state updates and forced withdrawals. Backed by a $10M seed led by Sequoia; the thread includes the author's referral link.BreakdownPerpsZKDeFi16 likes

28 Jul 2024Lumoz explained: ZK proving and verification DePIN with RaaSExplains verifiable computation and Lumoz's combined rollup-as-a-service and ZK proof network, with zkProver and zkVerifier nodes secured via EigenLayer restaking. Frames the capped node licenses as the opportunity.ExplainerZKDePINAI33 likes

21 Jul 2024L1 vs L2 TVL takeaways: Base and Blast lead, Scroll overtakes Aptos and SuiAggregated TVL chart (excluding Solana >$5B and Arbitrum >$3B) shows Base ($1.8B, +12% MoM) and Blast (-33% MoM post-airdrop) in their own league. TON levels with Optimism at $780M and Scroll ($670M) passes Aptos, Sui and Mantle.DataL1/L213 likes

21 Jul 2024Rollups are not real yet: L2 centralization after Scroll and Linea haltsArgues over 160 live or planned L2s and L3s are largely centralized, as Scroll and Linea both halted their chains after exploits by team decision. Points to an A1 and Redacted report on L2 trust assumptions.ThesisL1/L2Ethereum18 likes

20 Jul 2024TVL wars charts: alt L1s vs L2s, and Solana vs OP, Arbitrum, BaseTwo TVL charts framing alt L1s against L2s: Aptos, Sui and Sei vs Scroll and Mantle, and Solana vs Arbitrum, Optimism and Base. The post itself gives no takeaways.DataL1/L224 likes

05 Jun 2024The Ultimate ZK Landscape 2.0: zkVMs, zkEVMs, proving, aggregation and privacyLandscape of the ZK stack by category: zkVMs, zkEVMs, universal proving and verification layers, proof aggregation, hardware acceleration and privacy projects. Asks the audience what is missing.MapZKPrivacy112 likes

27 Apr 2024Automata Multi-Prover AVS: TEE provers for rollups on EigenLayerExplains Automata's Multi-Prover AVS, live on mainnet, which lets rollups bootstrap a secondary TEE prover and decentralized TEE committees to hedge single-prover bugs. Launch partners include Linea and Scroll, and the code is open source.BreakdownZKL1/L232 likes

08 Mar 2024zkAutomate thesis: account abstraction automation and gasless perp tradingBull-market thesis for zkAutomate, a non-custodial AA-based automation platform with a gasless orderbook perp engine, up to 50x leverage triggers, no-code bots and a ZK-powered strategy NFT marketplace. Mainnet planned Q2 on Scroll, Arbitrum and Taiko.ThesisDeFiPerpsTooling39 likes

2023 14

01 Dec 2023Kroma deep dive: hybrid OP Stack rollup with ZK fraud proofsDeep dive on Kroma, an OP Stack rollup with permissionless fault proofs live and ZK fraud proofs via a Scroll-based zkEVM, a planned move to zk rollup, and distribution through WEMADE and WEMIX gaming.BreakdownL1/L2ZK86 likes

17 Oct 2023Scroll mainnet launch: reasons it stands out among zkEVMsLists why Scroll mainnet matters: public codebase, Ethereum Foundation alignment, bytecode-level EVM proving, Halo2 recursive proofs, prover decentralization and parallelization plans, and funding. Corrects it to a type 2 zkEVM.ThesisZKEthereum24 likes

30 Aug 2023Modular stack part 1: execution layers and virtual machinesExplains monolithic versus modular design (execution, settlement, DA, consensus) and walks through the EVM and the three routes to a zkEVM: prove the EVM trace directly, map EVM opcodes to a custom VM, or transpile Solidity to a custom VM.ExplainerL1/L2ZK65 likes

28 Aug 2023L2/L3 execution layer framework: ten rollup stacks and their thesesWork-in-progress framework summarizing each major rollup stack's thesis, e.g. fractal L3 scaling on Starknet, recursive L3 zk rollups on zkSync, Superchain shared sequencing on Optimism and EigenDA outsourcing on Mantle, with links to deeper threads.MapL1/L2ZK83 likes

26 Jul 2023L2 guide: which ecosystems stand out (Arbitrum, Scroll, Polygon zkEVM, zkSync)Assesses leading L2 ecosystems by tech, decentralization and growth drivers, with Arbitrum (Orbit, Stylus), Scroll (type 2 zkEVM), Polygon (plonky3, interop layer) and zkSync (Boojum, ZK Stack, zkPorter). Holds zk as the endgame.ThesisL1/L2EthereumZK127 likes

13 Jul 20232023 crypto narratives: LSDfi, zkEVMs, DA, app-specific rollups, privacy, RWALists the narratives he is positioned in: LSDfi, zkEVMs, recursive L3 scaling, hyperscalable DA, app-specific rollups, privacy, interoperability, parallel VMs, WASM/RISC-V VMs, RWA (pending regulatory clarity) and perp DEXes.ThesisL1/L2PrivacyDeFi18 likes

20 Apr 2023Centralization in zk-rollups: sequencers, provers and client diversityArgues zk-rollups promise Ethereum-grade security but are largely centralized today across sequencers, provers and client diversity. Maps the projects working on each problem: sequencer rotation, shared sequencers, prover outsourcing and multiple clients.Market takeZKL1/L2Ethereum14 likes

19 Apr 20232023 narratives: zkEVMs, privacy L1s, restaking, modular DA and perpsAuthor's narrative watchlist for 2023: zkEVMs, zk privacy L1s, restaking, WASM and RISC-V L2 VMs, interoperability, DA layers, shared sequencers, rollup SDKs, recursive L3s, EIP-4844, account abstraction, parallel VMs, identity and perps.ThesisZKL1/L2Ethereum44 likes

31 Mar 2023Scroll prover outsourcing: permissionless rollers and stakingDescribes Scroll's proposed proof outsourcing mechanism: rollers stake SCR, are picked by the sequencer by reputation, are fined for invalid proofs and rewarded for timely valid ones. Argues it decentralizes the prover and could be adopted beyond Scroll.ExplainerZKL1/L2153 likes

24 Mar 2023Polygon zkEVM tech deep dive: Proof of Efficiency and plonky2Technical walkthrough of Polygon zkEVM: Proof of Efficiency with sequencers and aggregators, bytecode-level EVM equivalence versus zkSync's language-level approach, and the recursive plonky2 proof system. Condensed from a 60 page report co-written with Louround.ExplainerZKL1/L2Ethereum187 likes

21 Mar 2023March 2023 watchlist: L2 VMs, zkEVMs, DA, sequencers, AA and perpsList of themes to watch: WASM and RISC-V VMs on L2, zkEVMs, specialized DA layers, shared sequencers, rollup SDKs, recursive L3s, EIP-4844, account abstraction, MPC custody, parallel VMs, identity and decentralized perps.MapEthereumL1/L2ZK16 likes

13 Jan 2023Index: Book of Alpha, rollups, modular, privacy and zk threads (Jan 2023)Bookmarkable index of the author's research: cryptography and privacy primers, Web3 essays, research tools, Ethereum rollups, zkEVM, airdrop guides and the modular thesis series.MapEthereumL1/L2Privacy90 likes

11 Jan 2023Polygon zkEVM bytecode-level vs language-level zkEVM approachesDistinguishes language-level zkEVMs that transpile Solidity (Starknet, zkSync) from bytecode-level ones with no transpiler (Polygon zkEVM, Scroll), noting Scroll is closer to full EVM equivalence.ExplainerZKEthereum20 likes

07 Jan 2023Trusted setups are fading: Halo on Zcash and Kimchi on MinaCorrects an earlier thread: Zcash's Halo proof system removes the trusted setup and supports recursion. Mina's Kimchi, a PLONK variant with bulletproof-style commitments, is also trustless and enables the fixed 22KB chain.ExplainerZKPrivacy47 likes

2022 2

27 Dec 2022ZK and modular stack watchlist: zkEVMs, zkVM, Aleo and EspressoSelection of projects under review: zkEVMs (Scroll, zkSync, StarkWare, Polygon Hermez, Kakarot), RISC Zero zkVM, Specular EVM-native optimistic rollup, Aleo private L1 and Espresso decentralized sequencers. States a modular bull stance.MapZKL1/L2Privacy270 likes

13 Sep 2022zkEVM explained: zkSync, Starknet, Scroll and Polygon approachesExplains the EVM and what a zkEVM is, then classifies the projects by compatibility level. zkSync and Starknet transpile at the language level, Scroll and Polygon target bytecode level, with caveats on EVM equivalence claims.ExplainerZKEthereumL1/L223 likes

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zkSync41 Celestia145 Polygon zkEVM17 Taiko10 Linea12 EigenLayer110 Starknet39 RISC Zero53

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