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Starknet

39 pieces · May 2022 to Oct 2026 · 11 flagship

Sectors

ZK25 L1/L224 Ethereum18 Privacy7 Perps7 Bitcoin3

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Coverage per year

62022

162023

62024

52025

62026

Price and coverage

Starknet $STRK

Calls: None yet
Since listing: +120%
vs BTC: +72%
Now: $0.0528

bullish thesis bearish thesis coverage, no call map, list or mentionWeekly closes in USD, as of 23 Oct 2026. Call figures turn cyan when the price moved the way the call pointed. Each marker links to its piece.

Start here · the strongest pieces on Starknet

Explainer06 Jan 2023SNARKs vs STARKs: Zcash, Mina, Dusk, Manta, Starknet and zkSyncLong explainer on SNARKs and STARKs: Zcash pioneered SNARKs, Mina uses them for a 22kb chain, Dusk and Manta apply them for privacy, zkSync for scaling. STARKs, used by Starknet, avoid trusted setup but carry compute overhead.Explainer03 Apr 2023Account abstraction explained: from EOAs to ERC-4337 and zk-rollupsFull explainer on Ethereum account types, how signing works, and how account abstraction enables sponsored and recurring transactions, multisig by default, social recovery and multicall. Covers native AA on zkSync and Starknet and the ERC-4337 route for L1.Map11 Oct 2026Privacy ecosystem map v1: private money to confidential computePrivacy asset map with mcap/FDV, 7d and 30d moves and ATH distance. Notes STRK up 99% in 7d on the quantum trade and Arcium's ARX trading 370x below ZEC and 19x below VVV on mcap.

Timeline · every piece, newest first

2026 6

18 Oct 2026Rektober outlook: quantum, privacy, AI, robotics, DeFi, RWA and HyperliquidDespite a weak market, he sees renewed opportunity in PQ and privacy infra, AI and robotics exposure, maturing DeFi (perps, onchain options, propAMMs), RWAs and a widening Hyperliquid ecosystem. Links his recent write-ups on each theme.Market takePrivacyAIHyperliquid

17 Oct 2026Ethereum's ZK L2s in the age of quantum, privacy and AIStarknet, zkSync and Aztec outperformed ETH since 1 Sep (STRK +173%, ZK +81%, AZTEC +50% vs ETH -1.4%) on quantum and privacy exposure. Compares proof, privacy and PQ plans; the best proof story has the weakest privacy story against harvest-now-decrypt-later.BreakdownZKPrivacyQuantum

11 Oct 2026Privacy ecosystem map v1: private money to confidential computePrivacy asset map with mcap/FDV, 7d and 30d moves and ATH distance. Notes STRK up 99% in 7d on the quantum trade and Arcium's ARX trading 370x below ZEC and 19x below VVV on mcap.MapPrivacyZKL1/L2

10 Oct 2026Bunker mode explained: AI, ECDSA risk and 6.26M exposed BTCJustin Drake warned ECDSA could break within months through AI-driven math; 6.26M BTC (31.2% of supply) sits in addresses with exposed keys. Cryptographers pushed back; Vitalik noted lattice schemes share the structured-math risk, favoring hash-based signatures.ExplainerQuantumBitcoinEthereum

15 Jan 2026Paradex: private institutional perp trading on a Starknet appchainArgues institutions stay off onchain trading because of the 'Visibility Tax' on positions and liquidation levels, and that Paradex's ZK-settled private appchain with zero fees and RPI addresses it.ThesisPerpsPrivacyZK

12 Jan 2026Paradex overview: volume, RPI, private Starknet appchain and roadmapProfiles Paradex as the only major perp DEX built with privacy as a core principle, with zero fees, RPI and institutional backing, and announces an A1 research series on it.BreakdownPerpsPrivacyZK

2025 5

24 Oct 2025Starknet-stack perp DEXes: $249.3B 30d volume vs Hyperliquid $317.6BThe four Starknet-tech perp DEXes combined $249.3B in 30-day volume versus Hyperliquid's $317.6B. Breaks down each venue's architecture and volume and argues Starknet is underappreciated.DataPerpsZKL1/L2

23 Oct 2025Starknet stack powers 4 of top 10 perp DEXes by 24h volumeFour of the top ten perp DEXes by 24h volume (EdgeX, Apex, Paradex, Extended) are built on Starknet tech, per DefiLlama.DataPerpsZK

10 Oct 2025Top 5 perp DEXes by volume: three run on Starknet's SN stackTop five perp DEXes did $38B in 24h and over $663B in 30d volume, and three (Paradex, edgeX, ApeX) build on Starknet tech. Points out StarkEx's continued relevance since dYdX moved to Cosmos in 2023.DataPerpsZK

04 Oct 2025Paradex RPI explained: retail price improvement via flow segmentationRPI creates two parallel books: a standard API book for algos and an enhanced UI-only book where market makers quote tighter spreads to retail. Rate limits and an auth token separate retail from bots, producing crossed books.ExplainerPerpsMarket structureZK

03 Oct 2025Paradex architecture: RPI, zero-fee PFOF and unified portfolio marginBreaks down Paradex's design: flow segmentation via RPI, PFOF funding zero retail fees, STARK-proven settlement, universal portfolio margin via CairoVM, perpetual options, state-diff data posting and multi-stream revenue. Distribution against incumbents is the open test.BreakdownPerpsZKMarket structure

2024 6

28 Jul 2024Lumoz explained: ZK proving and verification DePIN with RaaSExplains verifiable computation and Lumoz's combined rollup-as-a-service and ZK proof network, with zkProver and zkVerifier nodes secured via EigenLayer restaking. Frames the capped node licenses as the opportunity.ExplainerZKDePINAI

07 Jun 2024OP_CAT explained: Merkle trees in Bitcoin Script and trustless ZK rollupsExplains OP_CAT (concatenation) as the opcode that enables Merkle tree creation and verification in Bitcoin Script, which is the core operation needed for STARK verification. Argues this opens the door to fully trust-minimized rollups on Bitcoin without overloading the chain.ExplainerBitcoinZK

07 Jun 2024Cross-chain bridge flows: Arbitrum, Optimism and Base lead 30-day inflowsUses Artemis and DefiLlama bridge data to track where liquidity moves. Ethereum originates 78.1% of bridge volume and Arbitrum, Optimism and Base capture 72% of destination flows, with zkSync net flows only slightly positive despite the pending ZK token.DataL1/L2DeFi

05 Jun 2024StarkWare, OP_CAT and STARKs as the path to Bitcoin L2sExplains why StarkWare funds OP_CAT research: it is the one covenant opcode that enables Merkle tree verification needed for STARK-based validity rollups on Bitcoin. Adds that STARKs are transparent and post-quantum secure, and could bring privacy to Bitcoin L2s.ThesisBitcoinZK

18 Apr 2024Modular execution layers map: VMs, rollup SDKs and RaaSLandscape of modular execution layers grouped by VM (optimistic EVM, zkEVM, MoveVM, SVM, Wasm, FuelVM, Cairo VM), rollup SDKs and RaaS providers. Frames a rollup-centric future of app-specific chains unified by ZK interop.MapL1/L2Ethereum

25 Mar 2024Rollup landscape by DA and validation: optimistic, ZK, optimium and validiumClassifies live L2s by state validation and DA design: optimistic rollups, ZK rollups, optimiums (Manta, Metis, Mantle) and validiums (Immutable, Manta soon).MapL1/L2Ethereum

2023 16

02 Dec 2023Celo's L2 migration: OP Stack vs Polygon CDK vs ZK Stack comparedCompares OP Stack, Polygon CDK and ZK Stack proposals for Celo against criteria such as EigenDA support, decentralized sequencing, EVM equivalence, validity proofs and interop. Favors Polygon CDK or OP Stack.BreakdownL1/L2Ethereum

03 Nov 2023Radius encrypted mempool for Madara and Starknet appchainsExplains how Radius, via a decentralized sequencer set with an encrypted mempool using PVDE, gives Madara-based Starknet rollups censorship resistance and MEV protection, plus shared sequencing's atomic composability and pooled security.Market takeL1/L2Market structure

02 Nov 2023Celestium design: Starknet L3 with Celestia DA, cost components and trade-offsExplores an L3 rollup on Starknet with DA on Celestia. Settlement on Starknet cuts proof verification costs, while main costs are verification, Celestia DA and bridging attestations. Suits gaming and perps but lacks a native bridge.ExplainerL1/L2ZK

26 Oct 2023The Stack Wars: OP Stack, Polygon CDK and Arbitrum Orbit comparedArgues builders now choose tech stacks rather than chains. Compares OP Stack (optimistic, Superchain), Polygon CDK (zkEVM with proof aggregation layer and POL security) and Arbitrum Orbit (L2s need DAO approval, L3s permissionless), with adopters.ThesisL1/L2Ethereum

14 Oct 2023L2Beat rollup stages explained: Stage 0, 1 and 2 criteria and who qualifiesGuide to L2Beat's three-stage rollup framework (training wheels) with criteria per stage, and which rollups sit where. Most are Stage 0, Arbitrum and dYdX are Stage 1, and only Fuel v1 and DeGate reach Stage 2.ExplainerL1/L2Ethereum

28 Aug 2023L2/L3 execution layer framework: ten rollup stacks and their thesesWork-in-progress framework summarizing each major rollup stack's thesis, e.g. fractal L3 scaling on Starknet, recursive L3 zk rollups on zkSync, Superchain shared sequencing on Optimism and EigenDA outsourcing on Mantle, with links to deeper threads.MapL1/L2ZK

23 May 2023Ethereum L2 adoption in May 2023: scaling factor, TPS and TVLL2BEAT-based data thread: L2 scaling factor versus L1, rising L2 activity, and TVL roughly doubling YTD. Optimistic rollups hold most TVL, and zk-rollups are expected to gain share as adoption grows.DataL1/L2Ethereum

20 Apr 2023Centralization in zk-rollups: sequencers, provers and client diversityArgues zk-rollups promise Ethereum-grade security but are largely centralized today across sequencers, provers and client diversity. Maps the projects working on each problem: sequencer rotation, shared sequencers, prover outsourcing and multiple clients.Market takeZKL1/L2Ethereum

16 Apr 2023Arbitrum's share of Ethereum L2 fees: 41% vs Polygon, Optimism, StarknetBreaks down the split of L2 fees on Ethereum, with Arbitrum taking the largest share.DataL1/L2Ethereum

04 Apr 2023Geregè: zkSNARK-optimized IBC linking Starknet and CosmosIntroduces Amherst Labs' Geregè protocol, a zkSNARK-optimized IBC aimed at connecting Ethereum rollups to Cosmos chains. Walks through its four-step roadmap starting with Starknet and Cairo, then Solidity-based rollups, and compares it to zkIBC.BreakdownZKL1/L2

03 Apr 2023Account abstraction explained: from EOAs to ERC-4337 and zk-rollupsFull explainer on Ethereum account types, how signing works, and how account abstraction enables sponsored and recurring transactions, multisig by default, social recovery and multicall. Covers native AA on zkSync and Starknet and the ERC-4337 route for L1.ExplainerEthereumL1/L2Tooling

14 Jan 2023L2 node client diversity and Starknet's Papyrus full nodeArgues client diversity prevents single points of failure and censorship in rollup networks. Starknet has Pathfinder (Rust), Juno (Go) and the new Papyrus, whose flat key/value storage should speed up the still centralized sequencer.ExplainerZKL1/L2

13 Jan 2023Index: Book of Alpha, rollups, modular, privacy and zk threads (Jan 2023)Bookmarkable index of the author's research: cryptography and privacy primers, Web3 essays, research tools, Ethereum rollups, zkEVM, airdrop guides and the modular thesis series.MapEthereumL1/L2Privacy

11 Jan 2023Polygon zkEVM bytecode-level vs language-level zkEVM approachesDistinguishes language-level zkEVMs that transpile Solidity (Starknet, zkSync) from bytecode-level ones with no transpiler (Polygon zkEVM, Scroll), noting Scroll is closer to full EVM equivalence.ExplainerZKEthereum

08 Jan 2023App-specific L3 rollups on Starknet and custom VMsArgues app-specific L3 rollups with customized dev environments and custom VM support, built on a generalized STARK-powered Starknet layer, will make Ethereum a global player. Links the StarkWare L3 vision thread.Market takeL1/L2ZKEthereum

06 Jan 2023SNARKs vs STARKs: Zcash, Mina, Dusk, Manta, Starknet and zkSyncLong explainer on SNARKs and STARKs: Zcash pioneered SNARKs, Mina uses them for a 22kb chain, Dusk and Manta apply them for privacy, zkSync for scaling. STARKs, used by Starknet, avoid trusted setup but carry compute overhead.ExplainerZKPrivacyL1/L2

2022 6

22 Sep 2022Index: rollups, zkEVM, data availability and airdrop threads (Sept 2022)Thread of threads organizing the author's modular scaling research: rollup intro and landscape, zkEVM, protocol deep dives, DA problem, EIP-4844, Celestia, Cevmos, Avail and airdrop guides.MapEthereumL1/L2

16 Sep 2022Complete guide to Starknet: Cairo, STARKs and ecosystem appsExplains Starknet's STARK-based design, Cairo language and Warp transpiler, the single StarkWare sequencer, the future token, and a list of testnet and alpha dApps for airdrop positioning.ExplainerZKEthereum

13 Sep 2022zkEVM explained: zkSync, Starknet, Scroll and Polygon approachesExplains the EVM and what a zkEVM is, then classifies the projects by compatibility level. zkSync and Starknet transpile at the language level, Scroll and Polygon target bytecode level, with caveats on EVM equivalence claims.ExplainerZKEthereumL1/L2

10 Jun 2022Layer 3 scaling on StarkNet: recursive validity proofs explainedExplains StarkWare's L3 vision where validity proofs from L3 are verified on an L2 that itself posts proofs to L1, multiplying compression, enabling cheap L3 to L3 interoperability and app-specific customization.ExplainerEthereumZK

10 Jun 2022Airdrop farming map: zkSync and Starknet testnet dAppsOverview of dApps on the zkSync v2 and Starknet alpha testnets for farming potential airdrops, with network setup, faucets and the action to take per project. Framed after the Hop and Optimism airdrops.MapL1/L2ZKDeFi

19 May 2022Ethereum rollup landscape: optimistic and ZK rollups comparedLandscape thread covering optimistic rollups (Optimism, Arbitrum, Boba, Metis) with fraud proofs and challenge periods, and ZK rollups (Starknet, StarkEx, zkSync, Immutable X) including the L3 recursion idea.MapEthereumL1/L2ZK

Often covered with

zkSync41 Optimism61 StarkWare22 Arbitrum65 Paradex26 Scroll26 Aztec28 Zcash33

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